Branch data Line data Source code
1 : : // Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Satoshi Nakamoto
2 : : // Copyright (c) 2009-2022 The Bitcoin Core developers
3 : : // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
4 : : // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
5 : :
6 : : #ifndef BITCOIN_CHAIN_H
7 : : #define BITCOIN_CHAIN_H
8 : :
9 : : #include <arith_uint256.h>
10 : : #include <consensus/params.h>
11 : : #include <flatfile.h>
12 : : #include <kernel/cs_main.h>
13 : : #include <primitives/block.h>
14 : : #include <serialize.h>
15 : : #include <sync.h>
16 : : #include <uint256.h>
17 : : #include <util/time.h>
18 : :
19 : : #include <algorithm>
20 : : #include <cassert>
21 : : #include <cstdint>
22 : : #include <string>
23 : : #include <vector>
24 : :
25 : : /**
26 : : * Maximum amount of time that a block timestamp is allowed to exceed the
27 : : * current time before the block will be accepted.
28 : : */
29 : : static constexpr int64_t MAX_FUTURE_BLOCK_TIME = 2 * 60 * 60;
30 : :
31 : : /**
32 : : * Timestamp window used as a grace period by code that compares external
33 : : * timestamps (such as timestamps passed to RPCs, or wallet key creation times)
34 : : * to block timestamps. This should be set at least as high as
35 : : * MAX_FUTURE_BLOCK_TIME.
36 : : */
37 : : static constexpr int64_t TIMESTAMP_WINDOW = MAX_FUTURE_BLOCK_TIME;
38 : :
39 : : /**
40 : : * Maximum gap between node time and block time used
41 : : * for the "Catching up..." mode in GUI.
42 : : *
43 : : * Ref: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/1026
44 : : */
45 : : static constexpr int64_t MAX_BLOCK_TIME_GAP = 90 * 60;
46 : :
47 : : class CBlockFileInfo
48 : : {
49 : : public:
50 : : unsigned int nBlocks{}; //!< number of blocks stored in file
51 : : unsigned int nSize{}; //!< number of used bytes of block file
52 : : unsigned int nUndoSize{}; //!< number of used bytes in the undo file
53 : : unsigned int nHeightFirst{}; //!< lowest height of block in file
54 : : unsigned int nHeightLast{}; //!< highest height of block in file
55 : : uint64_t nTimeFirst{}; //!< earliest time of block in file
56 : : uint64_t nTimeLast{}; //!< latest time of block in file
57 : :
58 : 48 : SERIALIZE_METHODS(CBlockFileInfo, obj)
59 : : {
60 : 24 : READWRITE(VARINT(obj.nBlocks));
61 : 24 : READWRITE(VARINT(obj.nSize));
62 : 24 : READWRITE(VARINT(obj.nUndoSize));
63 : 24 : READWRITE(VARINT(obj.nHeightFirst));
64 : 24 : READWRITE(VARINT(obj.nHeightLast));
65 : 24 : READWRITE(VARINT(obj.nTimeFirst));
66 : 24 : READWRITE(VARINT(obj.nTimeLast));
67 : 24 : }
68 : :
69 [ + - ]: 186 : CBlockFileInfo() = default;
70 : :
71 : : std::string ToString() const;
72 : :
73 : : /** update statistics (does not update nSize) */
74 : 7335 : void AddBlock(unsigned int nHeightIn, uint64_t nTimeIn)
75 : : {
76 [ + + - + ]: 7335 : if (nBlocks == 0 || nHeightFirst > nHeightIn)
77 : 176 : nHeightFirst = nHeightIn;
78 [ + + - + ]: 7335 : if (nBlocks == 0 || nTimeFirst > nTimeIn)
79 : 176 : nTimeFirst = nTimeIn;
80 : 7335 : nBlocks++;
81 [ + + ]: 7335 : if (nHeightIn > nHeightLast)
82 : 6687 : nHeightLast = nHeightIn;
83 [ + + ]: 7335 : if (nTimeIn > nTimeLast)
84 : 7105 : nTimeLast = nTimeIn;
85 : 7335 : }
86 : : };
87 : :
88 : : enum BlockStatus : uint32_t {
89 : : //! Unused.
90 : : BLOCK_VALID_UNKNOWN = 0,
91 : :
92 : : //! Reserved (was BLOCK_VALID_HEADER).
93 : : BLOCK_VALID_RESERVED = 1,
94 : :
95 : : //! All parent headers found, difficulty matches, timestamp >= median previous, checkpoint. Implies all parents
96 : : //! are also at least TREE.
97 : : BLOCK_VALID_TREE = 2,
98 : :
99 : : /**
100 : : * Only first tx is coinbase, 2 <= coinbase input script length <= 100, transactions valid, no duplicate txids,
101 : : * sigops, size, merkle root. Implies all parents are at least TREE but not necessarily TRANSACTIONS.
102 : : *
103 : : * If a block's validity is at least VALID_TRANSACTIONS, CBlockIndex::nTx will be set. If a block and all previous
104 : : * blocks back to the genesis block or an assumeutxo snapshot block are at least VALID_TRANSACTIONS,
105 : : * CBlockIndex::m_chain_tx_count will be set.
106 : : */
107 : : BLOCK_VALID_TRANSACTIONS = 3,
108 : :
109 : : //! Outputs do not overspend inputs, no double spends, coinbase output ok, no immature coinbase spends, BIP30.
110 : : //! Implies all previous blocks back to the genesis block or an assumeutxo snapshot block are at least VALID_CHAIN.
111 : : BLOCK_VALID_CHAIN = 4,
112 : :
113 : : //! Scripts & signatures ok. Implies all previous blocks back to the genesis block or an assumeutxo snapshot block
114 : : //! are at least VALID_SCRIPTS.
115 : : BLOCK_VALID_SCRIPTS = 5,
116 : :
117 : : //! All validity bits.
118 : : BLOCK_VALID_MASK = BLOCK_VALID_RESERVED | BLOCK_VALID_TREE | BLOCK_VALID_TRANSACTIONS |
119 : : BLOCK_VALID_CHAIN | BLOCK_VALID_SCRIPTS,
120 : :
121 : : BLOCK_HAVE_DATA = 8, //!< full block available in blk*.dat
122 : : BLOCK_HAVE_UNDO = 16, //!< undo data available in rev*.dat
123 : : BLOCK_HAVE_MASK = BLOCK_HAVE_DATA | BLOCK_HAVE_UNDO,
124 : :
125 : : BLOCK_FAILED_VALID = 32, //!< stage after last reached validness failed
126 : : BLOCK_FAILED_CHILD = 64, //!< descends from failed block
127 : : BLOCK_FAILED_MASK = BLOCK_FAILED_VALID | BLOCK_FAILED_CHILD,
128 : :
129 : : BLOCK_OPT_WITNESS = 128, //!< block data in blk*.dat was received with a witness-enforcing client
130 : :
131 : : BLOCK_STATUS_RESERVED = 256, //!< Unused flag that was previously set on assumeutxo snapshot blocks and their
132 : : //!< ancestors before they were validated, and unset when they were validated.
133 : : };
134 : :
135 : : /** The block chain is a tree shaped structure starting with the
136 : : * genesis block at the root, with each block potentially having multiple
137 : : * candidates to be the next block. A blockindex may have multiple pprev pointing
138 : : * to it, but at most one of them can be part of the currently active branch.
139 : : */
140 : : class CBlockIndex
141 : : {
142 : : public:
143 : : //! pointer to the hash of the block, if any. Memory is owned by this CBlockIndex
144 : : const uint256* phashBlock{nullptr};
145 : :
146 : : //! pointer to the index of the predecessor of this block
147 : : CBlockIndex* pprev{nullptr};
148 : :
149 : : //! pointer to the index of some further predecessor of this block
150 : : CBlockIndex* pskip{nullptr};
151 : :
152 : : //! height of the entry in the chain. The genesis block has height 0
153 : : int nHeight{0};
154 : :
155 : : //! Which # file this block is stored in (blk?????.dat)
156 : : int nFile GUARDED_BY(::cs_main){0};
157 : :
158 : : //! Byte offset within blk?????.dat where this block's data is stored
159 : : unsigned int nDataPos GUARDED_BY(::cs_main){0};
160 : :
161 : : //! Byte offset within rev?????.dat where this block's undo data is stored
162 : : unsigned int nUndoPos GUARDED_BY(::cs_main){0};
163 : :
164 : : //! (memory only) Total amount of work (expected number of hashes) in the chain up to and including this block
165 : : arith_uint256 nChainWork{};
166 : :
167 : : //! Number of transactions in this block. This will be nonzero if the block
168 : : //! reached the VALID_TRANSACTIONS level, and zero otherwise.
169 : : //! Note: in a potential headers-first mode, this number cannot be relied upon
170 : : unsigned int nTx{0};
171 : :
172 : : //! (memory only) Number of transactions in the chain up to and including this block.
173 : : //! This value will be non-zero if this block and all previous blocks back
174 : : //! to the genesis block or an assumeutxo snapshot block have reached the
175 : : //! VALID_TRANSACTIONS level.
176 : : uint64_t m_chain_tx_count{0};
177 : :
178 : : //! Verification status of this block. See enum BlockStatus
179 : : //!
180 : : //! Note: this value is modified to show BLOCK_OPT_WITNESS during UTXO snapshot
181 : : //! load to avoid a spurious startup failure requiring -reindex.
182 : : //! @sa NeedsRedownload
183 : : //! @sa ActivateSnapshot
184 : : uint32_t nStatus GUARDED_BY(::cs_main){0};
185 : :
186 : : //! block header
187 : : int32_t nVersion{0};
188 : : uint256 hashMerkleRoot{};
189 : : uint32_t nTime{0};
190 : : uint32_t nBits{0};
191 : : uint32_t nNonce{0};
192 : :
193 : : //! (memory only) Sequential id assigned to distinguish order in which blocks are received.
194 : : int32_t nSequenceId{0};
195 : :
196 : : //! (memory only) Maximum nTime in the chain up to and including this block.
197 : : unsigned int nTimeMax{0};
198 : :
199 : 75891 : explicit CBlockIndex(const CBlockHeader& block)
200 : 151782 : : nVersion{block.nVersion},
201 : 75891 : hashMerkleRoot{block.hashMerkleRoot},
202 : 75891 : nTime{block.nTime},
203 : 75891 : nBits{block.nBits},
204 : 75891 : nNonce{block.nNonce}
205 : : {
206 : 75891 : }
207 : :
208 : 2169 : FlatFilePos GetBlockPos() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main)
209 : : {
210 : 2169 : AssertLockHeld(::cs_main);
211 : 2169 : FlatFilePos ret;
212 [ + + ]: 2169 : if (nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA) {
213 : 2065 : ret.nFile = nFile;
214 : 2065 : ret.nPos = nDataPos;
215 : : }
216 : 2169 : return ret;
217 : : }
218 : :
219 : 8113 : FlatFilePos GetUndoPos() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main)
220 : : {
221 : 8113 : AssertLockHeld(::cs_main);
222 : 8113 : FlatFilePos ret;
223 [ + + ]: 8113 : if (nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_UNDO) {
224 : 994 : ret.nFile = nFile;
225 : 994 : ret.nPos = nUndoPos;
226 : : }
227 : 8113 : return ret;
228 : : }
229 : :
230 : 3 : CBlockHeader GetBlockHeader() const
231 : : {
232 : 3 : CBlockHeader block;
233 : 3 : block.nVersion = nVersion;
234 [ - + ]: 3 : if (pprev)
235 : 0 : block.hashPrevBlock = pprev->GetBlockHash();
236 : 3 : block.hashMerkleRoot = hashMerkleRoot;
237 : 3 : block.nTime = nTime;
238 : 3 : block.nBits = nBits;
239 : 3 : block.nNonce = nNonce;
240 : 3 : return block;
241 : : }
242 : :
243 : 723087 : uint256 GetBlockHash() const
244 : : {
245 [ - + ]: 723087 : assert(phashBlock != nullptr);
246 : 723087 : return *phashBlock;
247 : : }
248 : :
249 : : /**
250 : : * Check whether this block and all previous blocks back to the genesis block or an assumeutxo snapshot block have
251 : : * reached VALID_TRANSACTIONS and had transactions downloaded (and stored to disk) at some point.
252 : : *
253 : : * Does not imply the transactions are consensus-valid (ConnectTip might fail)
254 : : * Does not imply the transactions are still stored on disk. (IsBlockPruned might return true)
255 : : *
256 : : * Note that this will be true for the snapshot base block, if one is loaded, since its m_chain_tx_count value will have
257 : : * been set manually based on the related AssumeutxoData entry.
258 : : */
259 [ # # # # : 10620663 : bool HaveNumChainTxs() const { return m_chain_tx_count != 0; }
# # # # #
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260 : :
261 : 17330 : NodeSeconds Time() const
262 : : {
263 [ + + ]: 17330 : return NodeSeconds{std::chrono::seconds{nTime}};
264 : : }
265 : :
266 : 2076917 : int64_t GetBlockTime() const
267 : : {
268 [ + + + + ]: 46443 : return (int64_t)nTime;
[ + - # # ]
269 : : }
270 : :
271 : 166168 : int64_t GetBlockTimeMax() const
272 : : {
273 [ + + ]: 166168 : return (int64_t)nTimeMax;
[ + - + - ]
[ + - + -
+ - ]
274 : : }
275 : :
276 : : static constexpr int nMedianTimeSpan = 11;
277 : :
278 : 187465 : int64_t GetMedianTimePast() const
279 : : {
280 : 187465 : int64_t pmedian[nMedianTimeSpan];
281 : 187465 : int64_t* pbegin = &pmedian[nMedianTimeSpan];
282 : 187465 : int64_t* pend = &pmedian[nMedianTimeSpan];
283 : :
284 : 187465 : const CBlockIndex* pindex = this;
285 [ + + ]: 2217939 : for (int i = 0; i < nMedianTimeSpan && pindex; i++, pindex = pindex->pprev)
286 : 2030474 : *(--pbegin) = pindex->GetBlockTime();
287 : :
288 : 187465 : std::sort(pbegin, pend);
289 : 187465 : return pbegin[(pend - pbegin) / 2];
290 : : }
291 : :
292 : : std::string ToString() const;
293 : :
294 : : //! Check whether this block index entry is valid up to the passed validity level.
295 : 18011 : bool IsValid(enum BlockStatus nUpTo = BLOCK_VALID_TRANSACTIONS) const
296 : : EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main)
297 : : {
298 : 18011 : AssertLockHeld(::cs_main);
299 : 18011 : assert(!(nUpTo & ~BLOCK_VALID_MASK)); // Only validity flags allowed.
300 [ + - ][ # # : 18011 : if (nStatus & BLOCK_FAILED_MASK)
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301 : : return false;
302 [ # # # # : 17911 : return ((nStatus & BLOCK_VALID_MASK) >= nUpTo);
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303 : : }
304 : :
305 : : //! Raise the validity level of this block index entry.
306 : : //! Returns true if the validity was changed.
307 : 21974 : bool RaiseValidity(enum BlockStatus nUpTo) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(::cs_main)
308 : : {
309 : 21974 : AssertLockHeld(::cs_main);
310 [ - + ]: 21974 : assert(!(nUpTo & ~BLOCK_VALID_MASK)); // Only validity flags allowed.
311 [ + - ]: 21974 : if (nStatus & BLOCK_FAILED_MASK) return false;
312 : :
313 [ + - ]: 21974 : if ((nStatus & BLOCK_VALID_MASK) < nUpTo) {
314 : 21974 : nStatus = (nStatus & ~BLOCK_VALID_MASK) | nUpTo;
315 : 21974 : return true;
316 : : }
317 : : return false;
318 : : }
319 : :
320 : : //! Build the skiplist pointer for this entry.
321 : : void BuildSkip();
322 : :
323 : : //! Efficiently find an ancestor of this block.
324 : : CBlockIndex* GetAncestor(int height);
325 : : const CBlockIndex* GetAncestor(int height) const;
326 : :
327 : 7038027 : CBlockIndex() = default;
328 : : ~CBlockIndex() = default;
329 : :
330 : : protected:
331 : : //! CBlockIndex should not allow public copy construction because equality
332 : : //! comparison via pointer is very common throughout the codebase, making
333 : : //! use of copy a footgun. Also, use of copies do not have the benefit
334 : : //! of simplifying lifetime considerations due to attributes like pprev and
335 : : //! pskip, which are at risk of becoming dangling pointers in a copied
336 : : //! instance.
337 : : //!
338 : : //! We declare these protected instead of simply deleting them so that
339 : : //! CDiskBlockIndex can reuse copy construction.
340 : 1608 : CBlockIndex(const CBlockIndex&) = default;
341 : : CBlockIndex& operator=(const CBlockIndex&) = delete;
342 : : CBlockIndex(CBlockIndex&&) = delete;
343 : : CBlockIndex& operator=(CBlockIndex&&) = delete;
344 : : };
345 : :
346 : : arith_uint256 GetBlockProof(const CBlockIndex& block);
347 : : /** Return the time it would take to redo the work difference between from and to, assuming the current hashrate corresponds to the difficulty at tip, in seconds. */
348 : : int64_t GetBlockProofEquivalentTime(const CBlockIndex& to, const CBlockIndex& from, const CBlockIndex& tip, const Consensus::Params&);
349 : : /** Find the forking point between two chain tips. */
350 : : const CBlockIndex* LastCommonAncestor(const CBlockIndex* pa, const CBlockIndex* pb);
351 : :
352 : :
353 : : /** Used to marshal pointers into hashes for db storage. */
354 : : class CDiskBlockIndex : public CBlockIndex
355 : : {
356 : : /** Historically CBlockLocator's version field has been written to disk
357 : : * streams as the client version, but the value has never been used.
358 : : *
359 : : * Hard-code to the highest client version ever written.
360 : : * SerParams can be used if the field requires any meaning in the future.
361 : : **/
362 : : static constexpr int DUMMY_VERSION = 259900;
363 : :
364 : : public:
365 : : uint256 hashPrev;
366 : :
367 : 844 : CDiskBlockIndex()
368 : 844 : {
369 : 844 : hashPrev = uint256();
370 : 844 : }
371 : :
372 [ + + ]: 1608 : explicit CDiskBlockIndex(const CBlockIndex* pindex) : CBlockIndex(*pindex)
373 : : {
374 [ + + ]: 1608 : hashPrev = (pprev ? pprev->GetBlockHash() : uint256());
375 : 1608 : }
376 : :
377 : 4904 : SERIALIZE_METHODS(CDiskBlockIndex, obj)
378 : : {
379 : 2452 : LOCK(::cs_main);
380 [ + - ]: 2452 : int _nVersion = DUMMY_VERSION;
381 [ + - ]: 2452 : READWRITE(VARINT_MODE(_nVersion, VarIntMode::NONNEGATIVE_SIGNED));
382 : :
383 [ + - ]: 2452 : READWRITE(VARINT_MODE(obj.nHeight, VarIntMode::NONNEGATIVE_SIGNED));
384 [ + - ]: 2452 : READWRITE(VARINT(obj.nStatus));
385 [ + - ]: 2452 : READWRITE(VARINT(obj.nTx));
386 [ + + + - ]: 2452 : if (obj.nStatus & (BLOCK_HAVE_DATA | BLOCK_HAVE_UNDO)) READWRITE(VARINT_MODE(obj.nFile, VarIntMode::NONNEGATIVE_SIGNED));
387 [ + + + - ]: 2452 : if (obj.nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_DATA) READWRITE(VARINT(obj.nDataPos));
388 [ + + + - ]: 2452 : if (obj.nStatus & BLOCK_HAVE_UNDO) READWRITE(VARINT(obj.nUndoPos));
389 : :
390 : : // block header
391 [ + - ]: 2452 : READWRITE(obj.nVersion);
392 [ + - ]: 2452 : READWRITE(obj.hashPrev);
393 [ + - ]: 2452 : READWRITE(obj.hashMerkleRoot);
394 [ + - ]: 2452 : READWRITE(obj.nTime);
395 [ + - ]: 2452 : READWRITE(obj.nBits);
396 [ + - + - ]: 4060 : READWRITE(obj.nNonce);
397 : 2452 : }
398 : :
399 : 844 : uint256 ConstructBlockHash() const
400 : : {
401 : 844 : CBlockHeader block;
402 : 844 : block.nVersion = nVersion;
403 : 844 : block.hashPrevBlock = hashPrev;
404 : 844 : block.hashMerkleRoot = hashMerkleRoot;
405 : 844 : block.nTime = nTime;
406 : 844 : block.nBits = nBits;
407 : 844 : block.nNonce = nNonce;
408 : 844 : return block.GetHash();
409 : : }
410 : :
411 : : uint256 GetBlockHash() = delete;
412 : : std::string ToString() = delete;
413 : : };
414 : :
415 : : /** An in-memory indexed chain of blocks. */
416 [ + - ]: 33026 : class CChain
417 : : {
418 : : private:
419 : : std::vector<CBlockIndex*> vChain;
420 : :
421 : : public:
422 : 193 : CChain() = default;
423 : : CChain(const CChain&) = delete;
424 : : CChain& operator=(const CChain&) = delete;
425 : :
426 : : /** Returns the index entry for the genesis block of this chain, or nullptr if none. */
427 : 34246 : CBlockIndex* Genesis() const
428 : : {
429 [ + - ][ + - : 34246 : return vChain.size() > 0 ? vChain[0] : nullptr;
+ - - + -
- ]
[ + - + - ]
430 : : }
431 : :
432 : : /** Returns the index entry for the tip of this chain, or nullptr if none. */
433 : 6657807 : CBlockIndex* Tip() const
434 : : {
435 [ + - + - : 6664763 : return vChain.size() > 0 ? vChain[vChain.size() - 1] : nullptr;
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436 : : }
437 : :
438 : : /** Returns the index entry at a particular height in this chain, or nullptr if no such height exists. */
439 : 12904962 : CBlockIndex* operator[](int nHeight) const
440 : : {
441 [ # # # # : 12904962 : if (nHeight < 0 || nHeight >= (int)vChain.size())
# # ][ # #
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442 : : return nullptr;
443 [ - - ]: 12844790 : return vChain[nHeight];
444 : : }
445 : :
446 : : /** Efficiently check whether a block is present in this chain. */
447 : 7889555 : bool Contains(const CBlockIndex* pindex) const
448 : : {
449 [ + - ]: 7889555 : return (*this)[pindex->nHeight] == pindex;
450 : : }
451 : :
452 : : /** Find the successor of a block in this chain, or nullptr if the given index is not found or is the tip. */
453 : 618 : CBlockIndex* Next(const CBlockIndex* pindex) const
454 : : {
455 [ + - ]: 618 : if (Contains(pindex))
456 [ + - ]: 618 : return (*this)[pindex->nHeight + 1];
457 : : else
458 : : return nullptr;
459 : : }
460 : :
461 : : /** Return the maximal height in the chain. Is equal to chain.Tip() ? chain.Tip()->nHeight : -1. */
462 : 146079 : int Height() const
463 : : {
464 [ + + ][ + - : 139074 : return int(vChain.size()) - 1;
+ - + - ]
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465 : : }
466 : :
467 : : /** Set/initialize a chain with a given tip. */
468 : : void SetTip(CBlockIndex& block);
469 : :
470 : : /** Return a CBlockLocator that refers to the tip in of this chain. */
471 : : CBlockLocator GetLocator() const;
472 : :
473 : : /** Find the last common block between this chain and a block index entry. */
474 : : const CBlockIndex* FindFork(const CBlockIndex* pindex) const;
475 : :
476 : : /** Find the earliest block with timestamp equal or greater than the given time and height equal or greater than the given height. */
477 : : CBlockIndex* FindEarliestAtLeast(int64_t nTime, int height) const;
478 : : };
479 : :
480 : : /** Get a locator for a block index entry. */
481 : : CBlockLocator GetLocator(const CBlockIndex* index);
482 : :
483 : : /** Construct a list of hash entries to put in a locator. */
484 : : std::vector<uint256> LocatorEntries(const CBlockIndex* index);
485 : :
486 : : #endif // BITCOIN_CHAIN_H
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